What is Encryption?
Encryption is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm and key. Only authorized parties with the correct decryption key can read the original data, protecting it from unauthorized access.
How Does Encryption Work?
Encryption comes in two main types: symmetric (same key encrypts and decrypts, like AES-256) and asymmetric (public key encrypts, private key decrypts, like RSA). HTTPS uses both — asymmetric encryption for the initial handshake and symmetric encryption for the actual data transfer, combining security with performance.
In web hosting, encryption protects data in transit (HTTPS/TLS), data at rest (encrypted disk storage), and data in backups. Encryption is essential for compliance with regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. Modern hosting platforms encrypt data at rest by default, and Let's Encrypt provides free TLS certificates for in-transit encryption.